Measures the ability of consumers to purchase food, their vulnerability to price shocks and the presence of programmes and policies to support consumers when shocks occur.
Measures agricultural production and on-farm capabilities, the risk of supply disruption, national capacity to disseminate food and research efforts to expand agricultural output.
Measures the variety and nutritional quality of average diets, as well as the safety of food.
Assesses a country's exposure to the impacts of climate change; its susceptibility to natural resource risks; and how the country is adapting to these risks.
Measures the ability of consumers to purchase food, their vulnerability to price shocks and the presence of programmes and policies to support consumers when shocks occur.
Measures agricultural production and on-farm capabilities, the risk of supply disruption, national capacity to disseminate food and research efforts to expand agricultural output.
Measures the variety and nutritional quality of average diets, as well as the safety of food.
Assesses a country's exposure to the impacts of climate change; its susceptibility to natural resource risks; and how the country is adapting to these risks.
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The 11th edition of the GFSI highlights that the global food environment has been deteriorating, making it vulnerable to shocks. The world made big gains in food security from 2012 to 2015, with overall GFSI scores jumping six percent. However, structural issues in the global food system led growth to slow subsequently, and for the past three years the trend in the overall food security environment has reversed.
In 2022 the GFSI was dragged down by falls in two of its strongest pillars—affordability, and food quality and safety—and saw continued weakness in its other two pillars—availability, and sustainability and adaptation. In particular, Affordability, the top-scoring pillar, was dragged down by sharp rises in food costs, declining trade freedom and decreased funding for food safety nets.
Eight of the top ten performers in 2022 come from high-income Europe, led by Finland (with a score of 83.7), Ireland (scoring 81.7) and Norway (scoring 80.5). These nations score strongly on all four pillars of the GFSI. Japan (scoring 79.5) and Canada (scoring 79.1) round out the remainder of the top ten. The difference between the top performer and the country at the bottom of the ranking has continued widening since 2019, reflecting the inequity in the global food system.
Nations where farmers had access to agricultural inputs and financial products, where governments invested in R&D and innovative technology and had a strong supply chain infrastructure, were more likely to have higher global food security scores. Indeed, access to these agricultural inputs were some of the biggest gainers in the index since 2019, especially commitments to empowering female farmers (jumping 18.4%) and access to agricultural technology, education and resources (up by 10.1%).